Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has expressed concerns that the current trajectory of Layer 2 (L2) solutions is falling short of expectations. He argues that many L2s are no longer effectively securing Ethereum, which could undermine their utility in scaling the platform.

Key Insights

Buterin’s comments highlight two critical developments altering the Layer 2 debate. First, he notes the sluggish progress toward decentralization and interoperability within L2s, and second, he points to the Ethereum mainnet itself achieving low transaction fees while expected to rise further by 2026.

He emphasized that Ethereum’s original scaling was defined by its security, stating, “all activity remains valid and censorship-resistant” as long as the network functions correctly. Systems that depend on multi-signature bridges or discretionary control cannot be viewed as extensions of Ethereum’s infrastructure, even with their high throughput.

The Shift in Perspective

Buterin believes that many projects openly state they may not advance beyond initial stages due to various challenges, whether technical or regulatory. This realization prompts him to suggest that not all L2s should be categorized similarly, as they possess varying connections to Ethereum’s security and governance.

Future Directions

He urges Layer 2 projects to deliver distinctive advantages beyond just scaling, including specialized functionalities, efficiency, and integration with services like oracles. In his view, all systems handling Ether or Ethereum assets should strive for at least foundational standards of security and governance.

Conclusion

Ultimately, Buterin advocates for a re-evaluation of Layer 2 technologies, envisioning a range of systems that collectively enhance Ethereum without compromising its foundational security.