Bitcoin’s mysterious creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, is still the prominent figure in Bitcoin ownership with approximately 1.1 million BTC, representing roughly 5.5% of the total supply, valued at about $75 billion today. While speculation about Nakamoto’s potential sales has been rampant, these coins have remained largely inactive since Bitcoin’s launch.

Leading Bitcoin Holders Unveiled

Next in the line of major holders is Coinbase, which possesses 993,069 BTC, accounting for 5% of the total supply. This figure includes both client assets and corporate reserves intended for operational liquidity. Binance stands as a competitor with its custody of 661,000 BTC, making up 3.15% of the overall supply.

Institutional investors are also establishing their presence. Data from Arkham Intelligence indicates that BlackRock ranks as the leading institutional stakeholder, retaining 761,801 BTC, translating to a valuation of about $52 billion. Other significant players like Fidelity and Grayscale hold substantial amounts too, with Fidelity reportedly managing 448,000 BTC for its clients. Moreover, Strategy’s holdings, which total 715,000 BTC, are partially recorded on-chain under Fidelity.

Various public companies, among them mining company MARA and Japanese corporation Metaplanet, hold notable Bitcoin resources. Meanwhile, private companies like the stablecoin issuer Tether own 96,369 BTC, and SpaceX has approximately 8,300 BTC as of August 2025.

Nations Accumulating Bitcoin

On the national front, governments are also stockpiling Bitcoin, with the United States leading with 328,000 BTC, garnered mainly from asset seizures, including those from the infamous Bitfinex hack and other confiscated funds. Recently, the U.S. government acquired an additional 127,000 BTC from the LuBian Hacker address.

Following the U.S., the United Kingdom has seized 61,245 BTC, primarily from individuals Jian Wen and Zhimin Qian in 2018, while China confiscated 194,775 BTC from the PlusToken Ponzi scheme in 2020. It remains uncertain if the Chinese government still maintains these coins or has liquidated them.

Ukraine has also engaged significantly with Bitcoin during the ongoing conflict, receiving $22.8 million in BTC donations. The involvement is widespread, with over 700,000 public officials in Ukraine declaring Bitcoin ownership, and some individuals holding up to 18,000 BTC, totaling close to 46,351 BTC.

On another note, Germany recently seized 50,000 BTC from a website involved in movie piracy, only to sell off these coins six months later.